Correction and Retraction Policy
JASa is committed to maintaining the accuracy, reliability, and transparency of the published scientific record.
The editorial board may issue corrections, expressions of concern, or retractions when significant problems are identified in published articles.
Corrections
A correction may be issued when a published article contains an error that does not invalidate its overall findings.
The correction notice should clearly identify the original publication and explain the corrected information.
Retractions
An article may be retracted when reliable evidence demonstrates that its findings are substantially unreliable or that serious publication misconduct has occurred.
Grounds for retraction may include:
- Fabricated or falsified data.
- Major errors invalidating the findings.
- Serious plagiarism.
- Unethical research conduct.
- Redundant publication.
- Manipulation of the publication or peer review process.
Expressions of Concern
An expression of concern may be issued when substantial questions arise regarding an article but the available information is inconclusive or an investigation remains ongoing.
Preservation of the Scholarly Record
Retracted articles should ordinarily remain accessible with a clearly displayed retraction notice.
Corrections and retraction notices should be linked to the original publication whenever technically possible.
The journal follows applicable COPE guidance in determining proportionate editorial responses.
