Conflict of Interest Policy

JASa requires authors, editors, and reviewers to disclose any circumstances that could influence, or reasonably appear to influence, their scholarly judgment.

Conflicts of interest may arise from:

• Financial relationships.
• Employment or institutional affiliations.
• Research sponsorship.
• Consulting arrangements.
• Personal relationships.
• Academic collaborations.
• Professional competition.
• Other competing interests.

Authors

Authors must disclose relevant financial and non-financial competing interests and identify research funding sources where applicable.

Editors

Editors must disclose potential conflicts and withdraw from handling manuscripts when their independence or impartiality could reasonably be questioned.

Reviewers

Reviewers must identify potential conflicts before accepting review assignments and should decline invitations where impartial evaluation cannot be assured.

Declaration of No Conflict

"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this article."

The journal may request additional clarification when necessary.