The Effects of Green Accounting, Intellectual Capital, and Firm Size on Financial Performance: The Moderating Role of Good Corporate Governance

Authors

  • Yunita Rindiani Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Indonesia
  • Sri Wahyuni Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Indonesia
  • Bima Cinintya Pratama Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Indonesia
  • Tiara Pandansari Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36555/jasa.v10i2.3082

Keywords:

Green Accounting, Intellectual Capital, Firm Size, Good Corporate Governance, Financial Performance

Abstract

This study examines the effects of green accounting, intellectual capital, and firm size on the financial performance of companies in the energy sector, with a specific focus on the moderating effect of good corporate governance. The study used a sample of energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period from 2021 to 2024. A total of 78 observations were obtained through purposive sampling based on predetermined selection criteria. Panel data regression analysis was conducted using Stata software. The results show that green accounting has a significant negative effect on financial performance, while intellectual capital has a significant positive effect on financial performance. Conversely, firm size and good corporate governance do not have a significant effect on financial performance. The results of the interaction variable test show that good corporate governance moderates the relationship between green accounting and financial performance but does not moderate the relationship between intellectual capital and firm size.

References

Abada, M. F. I., Widjajanti, K., and Indudewi, D. (2026). The Effect of Intellectual Capital on Financial Performance, with Competitive Advantage as an Intervening Variable. Jurnal Riset Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 19(1), 60–82. https://doi.org/10.26623/jreb.v19i1.13036

Abrori, M. (2026). A Model of Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Sharia Business Management Based on the Resource-Based View (RBV) Within the Principles of Islamic Education. AL-MUDIR: Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Syariah, 1(1), 1–14. https://ejournal.indafa.ac.id/index.

Aisyah, D. N., and Bawono, A. D. B. (2025). The Effects of Intellectual Capital, Good Corporate Governance, and Corporate Social Responsibility on Financial Performance, with Firm Size as a Moderator: An Empirical Study of Banking Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the Period 2019–2023. Paradoks: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 8(2), 1443–14461. https://doi.org/10.57178/paradoks.v8i2.1311

Anandamaya, L. P. V., and Hermanto, S. B. (2021). The Effects of Good Corporate Governance, Firm Size, and Leverage on Financial Performance. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Riset Akuntansi (JIRA), 10(5).

Angelina, M., and Nursasi, E. (2021). The Impact of Green Accounting and Environmental Performance on a Company’s Financial Performance. Jurnal Manajemen Dirgantara, 14(2), 211–224. https://doi.org/10.56521/manajemen-dirgantara.v14i2.286

Aprilia, A. P., Wahyuni, S., Hariyanto, E., and Azizah, S. N. (2026). Analysis Of Factors Affecting Carbon Emission Disclosure with Good Corporate Governance as a Moderating Variable. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 36(1).https://doi.org/10.24843/EJA.2026.v36.i01.p08

Arifin, A. H. (2023). The Moderating Role of Good Corporate Governance in the Effect of Intellectual Capital on Financial Performance. Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS), 4(3), 969–977. https://doi.org/10.47065/ekuitas.v4i3.2556

Aryanta, A. P., Putri, N. M. C., and Zikri, S. A. (2025). The Implementation of Corporate Governance and Its Relationship to the Application of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Literature Review. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 3(1), 217–227. https://doi.org/10.61722/jiem.v3i1.3468

Asmapane, S., Lahjie, A. A., Ikbal, M., Risqi, Z. N., and Ersa, H. F. (2021). The Effect of Intellectual Capital on Financial Performance, with Good Corporate Governance as a Mediating Variable. Relasi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 17(2), 353–372.https://doi.org/10.31967/relasi.v17i2.491

Ayuningtyas, A. H., and Mawardi, W. (2022). An Analysis of the Effects of Capital Structure, Firm Size, Tangibility, and Sales Growth on Corporate Financial Performance, with Good Corporate Governance as a Moderating Variable (A Study of Primary Consumer Goods Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2020). Diponegoro Journal of Management, 11(6). https://repofeb.undip.ac.id/id/eprint/11593

Barathi Kamath, G. (2007). The intellectual Capital Performance of the Indian Banking Sector. Journal of intellectual capital, 8(1), 96–123. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930710715088

Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of management, 17(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108

Cahyani, R. S. A., and Puspitasari, W. (2023). The Effects of Environmental Performance, Environmental Costs, Public Share Ownership, Green Accounting, and Capital Structure on Financial Performance. Jurnal Akuntansi Trisakti, 10(2), 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jat.v10i2.17846

Cohen, N. (2011). Green cities: An A-to-Z guide (Vol. 4). Sage. DOI: 10.4135/9781412973816

Dewi, E. S. P., and Rodhiyah, M. (2026). The Effects of Green Accounting and Firm Size on Financial Performance, with Good Corporate Governance as a Moderating Variable: (An Empirical Study of Coal Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the Period 2020–2024). Inisiatif: Jurnal Ekonomi, Akuntansi dan Manajemen, 5(2), 369–389. https://doi.org/10.30640/inisiatif.v5i2.6223

Effriyanti, M. G. L. (t.t.). The Impact of Green Accounting, Environmental Performance, and Capital Structure on Financial Performance.

Elviani, D., Mudjiyanti, R., Santoso, S. E. B., Pratama, B. C., and Wibowo, H. (2026). Determinants of Financial Performance: A Study of Companies in the Non-Cyclical Consumer Sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the Period 2022–2024. Reviu Akuntansi dan Bisnis Indonesia, 10(1), 49–67. https://doi.org/10.18196/rabin.v10i1.30029

Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stockholder approach. Pitman Boston, MA. DOI: 10.4324/9781315490137-14

Gayatri, P. A., and Dewi, G. A. K. R. S. (2024). The Impact of Green Accounting Adoption and Environmental Performance on Financial Performance: An Empirical Study of Kompas100 Index Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the Period 2018–2022.JIMAT (Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Akuntansi) Undiksha, 15(04), 969–979. https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v4i5.15237

Halim, K. I. (2023). The importance of intellectual capital in driving firm performance. Accounting Analysis Journal, 12(3), 190–198. DOI 10.15294/aaj.v12i3.75257

Hasan, M. H. N., Zamzam, I., Ali, I. M. A., and Zainuddin, Z. (2025). The Role of Good Corporate Governance in Moderating the Relationship Between Green Accounting, Environmental Performance, and Green Intellectual Capital on Financial Performance. Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Ekonomi Syariah), 8(2), 1208–1228. DOI: 10.36778/jesya.v8i2.2076

Hendriarto, P., Paryanti, A. B., Sangapan, L. H., and Manurung, A. H. (2025). The Effects of Good Corporate Governance, Business Risk, And Earnings Quality on a Company’s Financial Performance. CAKRAWALA, 32(2), 54–65. https://jurnal.swins.ac.id/index.php/cakrawala/article/view/118

Hidayati, A., and Susilo, D. E. (2022). The Effect of Intellectual Capital and Capital Structure on Financial Performance, with Competitive Advantage as an Intervening Variable (A Case Study of Companies in the Automotive and Automotive Components Subsectors Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2020).Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 11(2), 81–94. https://doi.org/10.32520/jak.v11i2.2261

Hutabarat, I. R. K., Fitriadi, M., and Hadawiyah, A. (2026). Strategic Knowledge Management and Its Impact on Intellectual Capital and Innovation Performance of Manufacturing SMEs in Bandar Lampung. Factory Jurnal Industri, Manajemen dan Rekayasa Sistem Industri, 4(2), 113–128. https://doi.org/10.56211/factory.v4i2.1477

Hutauruk, A. N., and Yanti, H. B. (2025). The Effects of Green Accounting, Business Diversification, And Intellectual Capital on Financial Performance in Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (Bei) From 2022 To 2024. JURNAL LENTERA BISNIS, 14(2), 1699–1710. https://doi.org/10.34127/jrlab.v14i2.1524

Injayanti, S. O., Maemumah, M., and Lukita, C. (2023). The Impact of Good Corporate Governance and Firm Size on Financial Performance. Prosiding Konferensi Ilmiah Akuntansi, 10. DOI: 10.24912/jmbk.v7i3.23862

Jumadi, N., and Sjarief, J. (2021). An analysis of the impact of intellectual capital, sustainability report disclosures, and firm size on financial performance. Simak, 19(02), 339–354.https://doi.org/10.35129/simak.v19i02.248

Kano, M. S., Pangayow, B., Karoma, Y., and Antoh, A. (2026). The Effect of Green Accounting and Sustainability Reporting on Corporate Financial Performance, With Good Corporate Governance as a Moderating Variable: (A Case Study of Manufacturing Companies in the Mining Sector Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) For the Period 2021–2024). Proceeding National Conference Business, Management, and Accounting (NCBMA), 482–493.

Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian Republik Indonesia. (2024, Maret 7). To promote a sustainable energy transition, the government is optimistic that Indonesia will soon achieve energy self-sufficiency. Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian Republik Indonesia.

Kertiasih, N. K., and Dewi, N. W. Y. (2025). An Analysis of the Impact of Good Corporate Governance on the Financial Performance of Energy Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the Period 2019–2023. JIMAT (Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Akuntansi) Undiksha, 16(02), 471–482. https://doi.org/10.23887/jimat.v16i02.96418

Khasanah, H. U., and Setiawati, E. (2024). The Impact of Good Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility on Financial Performance. Proceeding of National Conference on Accounting & Finance, 504–514.

Khatik, N., and Sukesti, F. (2025). Determinants of a company’s financial performance and the moderating role of good corporate governance. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Bisnis Indonesia (JABISI), 6(2), 128–141. https://doi.org/10.55122/jabisi.v6i2.1780

Kurniawan, K. T. (2026). The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Environmental Performance, and Firm Size on the Financial Performance of Mining Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2024. Jurnal Mahasiswa Manajemen Dan Akuntansi, 5(1), 795–809. https://doi.org/10.30640/jumma45.v5i1.6012

Luke. (2025, March 28). INDY's net income fell by 91.57%.IDN Financials.

Lutfitasari, M., and Munandar, A. (2022). The Impact of Free Cash Flow, Debt Policy, and Firm Size on Financial Performance. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 6(2), 1021–1037. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v6i2.2239

Majidah, M., and Aryanty, N. (2022). Financial Performance: Environmental Performance, Green Accounting, Green Intellectual Capital, Green Product, & Risk Management. International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. DOI10.46254/EU05.20220569

Mustika, Y. A., Abdulahanaa, A., and Hasbi, H. (2025). The Impact of Green Accounting Implementation on Corporate Financial Performance (A Study of Companies Listed on the ISSI) for the Years 2019–2023. ECo-Fin, 7(2), 949–960. https://doi.org/10.32877/ef.v7i2.2441

Mustofa, A. J. G., and Murtanto. (2024). The Effects of Green Accounting, Environmental Performance, Good Corporate Governance, Leverage, and Firm Size on Financial Performance. Ekonomi Digital, 2(2), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.55837/ed.v2i2.105

Nadila, E., Saputra, J. A. A., and Astuti, S. Y. (2025). The Impact of Green Accounting, CSR, Environmental Performance, and Firm Size on Financial Performance in Mining Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2021–2023 Period. JAKUMA: Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Manajemen Keuangan, 6(1), 38–57. https://doi.org/10.31967/jakuma.v6i1.1496

Pratama, B. C., Setyadi, E. J., and Innayah, M. N. (2021). Intellectual capital and firm financial performance in Asean: The role of dynamic capability. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting Finance and Management Sciences, 11(3), 256–270. DOI: 10.18196/jai.2003126

Purwanti, D. (2021). Determinants of a Company’s Financial Performance: Analysis of Liquidity, Leverage, and Firm Size (A Literature Review of Financial Management). Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Terapan. https://doi.org/10.31933/jimt.v2i5.593

Puspadini, M. (2024, August 14). Coal Prices Fall, ITMG’s Profits Plunge 58% in the First Half of 2024 Read the CNBC Indonesia article “Coal Prices Fall, ITMG’s Profits Plunge 58% in the First Half of 2024.” CNB Indonesia.

Putri, K. A. D., Gama, A. W. S., and Astiti, N. P. Y. (2023). The Effects of Intellectual Capital, Good Corporate Governance, And Company Size on the Financial Performance of Banks Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. JUIMA: JURNAL ILMU MANAJEMEN, 13(2), 167–180.

Putri, R. A., Rokhmawati, A., and Fitri, F. (2022). The Effect of Firm Size and Leverage on Financial Performance with Good Corporate Governance as a Moderating Variable (Study on Infrastructure, Utilities, And Transportation Sector Service Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2020). International Journal of Economics Business and Applications, 7(2), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.31258/ijeba.76

Saleh, R., Rosyanti, N., Ramadhanti, R. J., Merdekawati, E., & Pratiwi, R. (2026). The impact of capital structure, good corporate governance, and firm size on financial performance in oil and gas companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2019–2023. Review of Applied Accounting Research, 6(1), 80–95.https://doi.org/10.30595/raar.v6i1.29851

Ramadhani, A. K., Awalin, M., Saputri, A., Ghozi, M. F., Ummah, M., Salsabila, T., Kusumaningtias, R., and Kusumaningsih, A. (2026). The Impact of Good Corporate Governance on Financial Performance at Healthcare Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2024. SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF REFLECTION: Economic, Accounting, Management and Business, 9(3), 1172–1182. ttps://doi.org/10.37481/sjr.v9i3.1538

Ramadhani, K., Saputra, M. S., and Wahyuni, L. (2022). The Effect of Green Accounting Implementation and Environmental Performance on Financial Performance, with Corporate Governance as a Moderating Variable. Jurnal Akuntansi Trisakti, 9(2), 229–244. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jat.v9i2.14559

Ramadhani, S., and Wahyuni, S. (2025). The Impact of Green Accounting and Corporate Social Responsibility on Financial Performance. Journal of Tax and Business, 6(1), 276–284. https://doi.org/10.55336/jpb.v6i1.312

Rohayu, E., and Wahidahwati, W. (2018). The Effect of Intellectual Capital and Debt Policy on Financial Performance, with Good Corporate Governance as a Moderating Variable. Jurnal Ilmu dan Riset Akuntansi (JIRA), 7(8).

Rosalinda, U. U., Kuntadi, C., and Pramukty, R. (2022). Literature Review on the Effects of GCG, CSR, and Firm Size on Corporate Financial Performance. Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Sistem Informasi, 3(6), 667–673. https://doi.org/10.31933/jemsi.v3i6

Ruhiyat, E., and Kurniawan, M. E. (2024). The Effects of Green Accounting, Capital Structure, and Corporate Social Responsibility on Financial Performance, with Good Corporate Governance as a Moderating Variable. Jurnal Revenue: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 5(1), 618–633. https://doi.org/10.46306/rev.v5i1.466

Saputra, V. E., Rita, M. R., and Sakti, I. M. (2022). The Effect of Good Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Financial Performance through the Mediation of Earnings Management. Modus, 34(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.24002/modus.v34i1.5000

Saragih, A. E., and Sihombing, U. T. (2021). The Effects of Intellectual Capital, Good Corporate Governance, and Firm Size on the Financial Performance of Banking Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi & Keuangan, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.54367/jrak.v7i1.1133

Setiadi, I. (2021). The Impact of Environmental Performance, Environmental Costs, and Firm Size on Financial Performance. Inovasi: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan, Dan Manajemen, 17(4), 669–679. DOI:10.30872/jinv.v17i4.10054

Setyaningrum, A., Pratama, B. C., Wahyuni, S., and Winarni, D. (2025). Revisiting the Intellectual Capital–Performance Nexus: Evidence on the Moderating Influence of Competitive Advantage. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 35(7). DOI:10.24843/EJA.2025.v35.i07.p09

Sutrisno, Y. A. E., and Riduwan, A. (2022). The Effects of Firm Size, Firm Age, Institutional Ownership, and Managerial Ownership on a Firm’s Financial Performance. Jurnal Ilmu dan Riset Akuntansi (JIRA), 11(11).

Suwandi, E. D., and Syarifudin, A. (2026). The Impact of Intellectual Capital and Managerial Ownership on the Financial Performance of Companies in the Consumer Goods and Miscellaneous Industries in Indonesia. Jesya, 9(2), 1825–1837. DOI: 10.36778/jesya.v9i2.2892

Triyani, D. A., Prihatni, R., and Hasanah, N. (2026). The Effects of Intellectual Capital, Board Diversity, and Environmental Performance on Corporate Financial Performance. JIBEMA: Jurnal Ilmu Bisnis, Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Akuntansi, 4(1), 1102–1119. https://doi.org/10.62421/jibema.v4i1.520

Ulfa, M., and Citradewi, A. (2023). The Role of Good Corporate Governance in Moderating Factors That Affect Financial Performance. Juara: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi, 13(2), 237–256.

Wardianda, A. B. W., and Wiyono, S. (2023). The Effect of Green Accounting on Financial Performance, Moderated by Corporate Governance, on Property and Real Estate Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2018 to 2021. Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti, 3(2), 3183–3190. DOI:10.25105/jet.v3i2.17411

Wibowo, V. T. A., and Sumarta, N. H. (2026). The Effect of Liquidity, Solvency, Activity, Growth, And Company Size Ratios on Profitability. Bilancia: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 10(1), 50–62. https://doi.org/10.35145/bilancia.v10i1.5787

Widyaningdyah, A. U., and Aryani, Y. A. (2013). Intellectual Capital and Competitive Advantage (An Empirical Study of Manufacturing Companies Based on the Jakarta Stock Industrial Classification) Intellectual Capital and Competitive Advantage (An Empirical Study of Manufacturing Companies Based on the Jakarta Stock Industrial Classification)-JASICA. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 15(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.9744/jak.15.1.1-14

Wijaya, H., and Sasmita, B. (2023). The Effects of Intellectual Capital, Leverage, and Firm Size on Financial Performance. Jurnal Bina Akuntansi, 10(2), 459–468. https://doi.org/10.52859/jba.v10i2.402

Wooldridge, J. M. (2010). Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data. MIT press.

Wulandari, E. S. I., Yulianti, R., and Sandhi, I. K. (2026). The Impact of Green Accounting, Good Corporate Governance, and Firm Size on Financial Performance. Jurnal Literasi Akuntansi, 6(2), 312–329. https://doi.org/10.55587/jla.v6i2.292

Wulandhari, K., and Machdar, N. M. (2024). The Contribution of Environmental Costs, Green Accounting, CSR, and Firm Size to Improving Corporate Profitability. Jurnal Mutiara Ilmu Akuntansi, 3(1), 151–164. https://doi.org/10.55606/jumia.v3i1.3552

Yulianingsih, N. M., and Wahyuni, M. A. (2023). The Effect of Green Accounting, Intellectual Capital, Managerial Ownership, and Earnings Management on Financial Performance in Mining Companies. Jurnal Akuntansi Profesi, 14(01), 160–173. https://doi.org/10.23887/jap.v14i01.53011

Yuniza, I., & Devi, Y. (2025). The Effect of Green Accounting, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Company Size on Financial Performance, With Good Corporate Governance as a Moderating Variable (A Study of Energy-Sector Companies Listed on the Stock Exchange. Inovasi Pembangunan: Jurnal Kelitbangan, 13(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.35450/jip.v13i1.938

Downloads

Published

2026-08-30

How to Cite

Rindiani, Y., Wahyuni, S., Pratama, B. C., & Pandansari, T. (2026). The Effects of Green Accounting, Intellectual Capital, and Firm Size on Financial Performance: The Moderating Role of Good Corporate Governance. JASa (Jurnal Akuntansi, Audit Dan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi), 10(2), 448=462. https://doi.org/10.36555/jasa.v10i2.3082

Issue

Section

Articles

Citation Check

Similar Articles

<< < 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.