Analysis of Work-Life Balance and Job Satisfaction in Improving Employee Performance Mediated by Work Motivation
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Apr 30, 2025
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The complexity of problems in the work environment demands attention to work-life balance (WLB) and job satisfaction as key determinants of employee performance, with work motivation acting as a mediating variable that strengthens the causal relationship between working conditions and individual productivity. This study aims to examine the influence of WLB and job satisfaction on employee performance, focusing on the mediating role of work motivation within a government context. Using a quantitative approach, primary data were collected through questionnaires distributed directly to 70 employees of the Serang District Ministry of Religion Office, and the relationships between variables were tested using PLS-SEM version 4.0. The empirical findings reveal that WLB neither directly nor indirectly influences employee performance. Conversely, job satisfaction significantly affects work motivation, which positively contributes to improving employee performance. Furthermore, work motivation mediates the relationship between job satisfaction and performance, but it does not serve as a mediating factor between WLB and performance. These findings underscore the importance of implementing human resource management strategies centered on performance enhancement to foster a more motivated and productive workforce, which, in turn, can support the efficiency of public sector services and contribute to broader economic growth
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References
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Arundel, A. (2023). Questionnaire design. In How to Design, Implement, and Analyse a Survey (pp. 25–55). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800376175.00007
Ayalew, E., Workineh, Y., Abate, A., Zeleke, B., Semachew, A., & Woldegiorgies, T. (2021). Intrinsic motivation factors associated with job satisfaction of nurses in three selected public hospitals in Amhara regional state, 2018. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 15, 100340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2021.100340
Bodendieck, E., Jung, F. U., Conrad, I., Riedel-Heller, S. G., & Hussenoeder, F. S. (2022). The work-life balance of general practitioners as a predictor of burnout and motivation to stay in the profession. BMC Primary Care, 23(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-022-01831-7
Campo, A. M. D. V., Avolio, B., & Carlier, S. I. (2021). The Relationship Between Telework, Job Performance, Work–Life Balance and Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviours in the Context of COVID-19. Global Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/09721509211049918
Diskominfo. (2024). Tangis Haru Warnai Keberangkatan 440 Jemaah Haji Asal Kabupaten Serang. Portal Resmi Kabupaten Serang.
Ferreira, P., Gabriel, C., Faria, S., Rodrigues, P., & Pereira, M. S. (2020). What if employees brought their life to work? The relation of life satisfaction and work engagement. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(7), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072743
Gultom, E., & Liyas, J. N. (2023). Work Life Balance and Burnout on Temporary Employees Performance. Asean International Journal of Business, 2(2), 162–171. https://doi.org/10.54099/aijb.v2i2.632
Hair, Jr., J. F., M. Hult, G. T., M. Ringle, C., Sarstedt, & Marko. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) [3 ed]. In Sage Publishing (Vol. 3, Issue 1).
Jiří, M., Cristina, P. R., Carlos, F., Jean-Pierre, M., & Tristan, M. (2021). The 5-Item Likert Scale and Percentage Scale Correspondence with Implications for the Use of Models with (Fuzzy) Linguistic Variables. Revista de Metodos Cuantitativos Para La Economia y La Empresa, 31(31), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.46661/REVMETODOSCUANTECONEMPRESA.4010
Kosasih, E. (2023). Kemenag Kabupaten Serang Ungkap Jemaah Haji yang Harus Bayar Biaya Tambahan Artikel ini telah tayang di TribunBanten.com dengan judul Kemenag Kabupaten Serang Ungkap Jemaah Haji yang Harus Bayar Biaya Tambahan. Tribun Banten.
Lee, S., & Na, C. (2024). Public Service Motivation and Job Satisfaction Amid COVID-19: Exploring the Effects of Work Environment Changes. Public Personnel Management, 53(2), 281–308. https://doi.org/10.1177/00910260231207332
Mahardika, G. Y., Aima, M. H., & H, I. L. H. (2022). THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND WORK LIFE BALANCE WORK MOTIVATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON TEACHER PERFORMANCE AT THE TZU CHI LOVE SCHOOL TEACHER CENGKARENG, WEST JAKARTA. Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 3(5), 785–800. https://doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v3i5.1220
Maulana, L. H., Sudarijati, & Padilla, H. (2020). Employees Performance With the Determination of Motivation, Competence and Work Environment. Indonesian Journal of Social Research (IJSR), 2(1), 65–75. https://doi.org/10.30997/ijsr.v2i1.24
Meirana, A. (2022). Analysis Factors Affecting Employee Performance of BKD East Java When Work from Home. Airlangga Development Journal, 6(2), 93–110. https://doi.org/10.20473/adj.v6i2.41053
Mosuin, E., Mat, T. Z. T., Ghani, E. K., Alzeban, A., & Gunardi, A. (2019). Accountants’ acceptance of accrual accounting systems in the public sector and its influence on motivation, satisfaction and performance. Management Science Letters, 9(5), 695–712. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.2.002
Mukhopadhyay, U. (2023). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on academic performance and work–life balance of women academicians. Asian Journal of Social Science, 51(1), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajss.2022.07.003
Mumford, E. A., Liu, W., & O’Leary, M. S. (2024). U.S. Law Enforcement Officers’ Stress, Job Satisfaction, Job Performance, and Resilience: A National Sample. Police Quarterly, 0(0), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111241253851
Oswald, A. J., Proto, E., & Sgroi, D. (2015). Happiness and Productivity. Journal of Labor Economics, 33(4), 789–822. https://doi.org/10.1086/681096
Otero, A. G., Quiroga-Carrillo, A., Míguez-Salina, G., & Núñez-García, J. (2023). Motivation, social work and immigration: Job satisfaction according to a qualitative and quantitative evaluation. International Social Work, 66(2), 419–432. https://doi.org/10.1177/00208728211065709
Pârjoleanu, R. (2020). Work Motivation Efficiency in the Workplace. Postmodern Openings, 11(4), 293–309. https://doi.org/10.18662/po/11.4/236
Puspitasari, D. A., Dewi, R. S., & Prabawani, B. (2024). The Effect of Work Motivation and Self-Directed Learning on Employee Performance With Work-Life Balance as an Intervening Variable (A Study On Employees Of PT. Propernas Griya Utama). Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies, 07(01), 677–686. https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v7-i1-68
Ratih, H. P., Mulyono, S., & Farhan, D. (2023). Analysis of Employee Job Satisfaction in the Public Service Sector. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 6(11), 6732–6739. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i11-20
Rene, R., & Wahyuni, S. (2018). PENGARUH WORK-LIFE BALANCE TERHADAP KOMITMEN ORGANISASI, KEPUASAN KERJA, DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA INDIVIDU PADA KARYAWAN PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI DI JAKARTA. JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN BISNIS SRIWIJAYA, 16(1), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.29259/jmbs.v16i1.6247
Rohman, A. (2022). The Antecedents of Employee’s Performance in Research Center. International Journal of Business and Applied Social Science, 8(1), 18–24. https://doi.org/10.33642/ijbass.v8n6p4
Silaban, H., & Margaretha, M. (2021). The Impact Work-Life Balance toward Job Satisfaction and Employee Retention: Study of Millennial Employees in Bandung City, Indonesia. International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development, 7(3), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.73.2002
Sirgy, M. J., & Lee, D.-J. (2023). Making the Case for Work-Life Balance. Work-Life Balance, 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009281782.001
Ștefan, S. C., Popa, Ștefan C., & Albu, C. F. (2020). Implications of maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory on healthcare employees’ performance. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 16(59), 124–143. https://doi.org/10.24193/tras.59E.7
Stewart, W. F., Ricci, J. A., Chee, E., & Morganstein, D. (2003). Lost Productive Work Time Costs From Health Conditions in the United States: Results From the American Productivity Audit. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 45(12), 1234–1246. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000099999.27348.78
Stirpe, L., Profili, S., & Sammarra, A. (2022). Satisfaction with HR practices and employee performance: A moderated mediation model of engagement and health. European Management Journal, 40(2), 295–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2021.06.003
Stratton, S. J. (2023). Population Sampling: Probability and Non-Probability Techniques. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 38(2), 147–148. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X23000304
Suleimenova, G., Kapoguzov, E., Kabizhan, N., & Kadyrova, M. (2018). Performance Evaluation of the Government Agencies of Kazakhstan. NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy, 11(2), 171–198. https://doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2018-0018
Thant, Z. M., & Chang, Y. (2021). Determinants of Public Employee Job Satisfaction in Myanmar: Focus on Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory. Public Organization Review, 21(1), 157–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-020-00481-6
Vu, T. A., Plimmer, G., Berman, E., & Sabharwal, M. (2019). Managing employee performance in transition economies: A study of Vietnamese public organizations. Public Administration and Development, 39(2), 89–103. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1850
Wahyuhadi, J., Hidayah, N., & Aini, Q. (2023). Remuneration, Job Satisfaction, and Performance of Health Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period at the Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 16(February), 701–711. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S396717
Wardani, M. I., Riyadi, S., & Sumiati, S. (2024). The Influence of Work Motivation, Work-Life Balance, Work Productivity on Hustle Culture, and Employee Performance at PT PLN (PERSERO) Main Distribution Unit for South Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan UP3 Palangka Raya. International Journal of Social Science Humanity & Management Research, 3(01), 146–156. https://doi.org/10.58806/ijsshmr.2024.v3i1n20
Xiao, H., Xie, W., & Liu, B. (2024). An empirical study on the influence of new generation employees’ job satisfaction on contextual performance in the energy industry. Heliyon, 10(9), e30073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30073
Yim, J., Call, M. L., Sullivan, D. W., Kim, Y., & Sha, Y. (2024). Motivational strivings, human resource management practices, and job performance: An advancement of the theory of purposeful work behavior. Human Resource Management, 63(5), 829–847. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22229
Agarwal, A., & Raghav, D. (2023). Analysing Determinants of Employee Performance Based on Reverse Mentoring and Employer Branding Using Analytic Hierarchical Process. Management and Labour Studies, 48(3), 343–358. https://doi.org/10.1177/0258042X231152321
Ahiabu, M. K., Adzivor, E. K., Attipoe, J. A., Agyapong, J. A. M., & Abiemo, M. K. (2024). Beyond bricks and mortar: Work-life balance and project performance of Ghana’s construction professionals – Does co-worker relationship quality matter? Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 10(February), 100940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.100940
Arifin, M., & Muharto, A. (2022). Pengaruh Worklife Balance Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Studi Pada PT. Livia Mandiri Sejati Pasuruan). Jurnal Riset Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 15(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.26623/jreb.v15i1.3507
Arundel, A. (2023). Questionnaire design. In How to Design, Implement, and Analyse a Survey (pp. 25–55). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800376175.00007
Ayalew, E., Workineh, Y., Abate, A., Zeleke, B., Semachew, A., & Woldegiorgies, T. (2021). Intrinsic motivation factors associated with job satisfaction of nurses in three selected public hospitals in Amhara regional state, 2018. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 15, 100340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2021.100340
Bodendieck, E., Jung, F. U., Conrad, I., Riedel-Heller, S. G., & Hussenoeder, F. S. (2022). The work-life balance of general practitioners as a predictor of burnout and motivation to stay in the profession. BMC Primary Care, 23(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-022-01831-7
Campo, A. M. D. V., Avolio, B., & Carlier, S. I. (2021). The Relationship Between Telework, Job Performance, Work–Life Balance and Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviours in the Context of COVID-19. Global Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/09721509211049918
Diskominfo. (2024). Tangis Haru Warnai Keberangkatan 440 Jemaah Haji Asal Kabupaten Serang. Portal Resmi Kabupaten Serang.
Ferreira, P., Gabriel, C., Faria, S., Rodrigues, P., & Pereira, M. S. (2020). What if employees brought their life to work? The relation of life satisfaction and work engagement. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(7), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072743
Gultom, E., & Liyas, J. N. (2023). Work Life Balance and Burnout on Temporary Employees Performance. Asean International Journal of Business, 2(2), 162–171. https://doi.org/10.54099/aijb.v2i2.632
Hair, Jr., J. F., M. Hult, G. T., M. Ringle, C., Sarstedt, & Marko. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) [3 ed]. In Sage Publishing (Vol. 3, Issue 1).
Jiří, M., Cristina, P. R., Carlos, F., Jean-Pierre, M., & Tristan, M. (2021). The 5-Item Likert Scale and Percentage Scale Correspondence with Implications for the Use of Models with (Fuzzy) Linguistic Variables. Revista de Metodos Cuantitativos Para La Economia y La Empresa, 31(31), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.46661/REVMETODOSCUANTECONEMPRESA.4010
Kosasih, E. (2023). Kemenag Kabupaten Serang Ungkap Jemaah Haji yang Harus Bayar Biaya Tambahan Artikel ini telah tayang di TribunBanten.com dengan judul Kemenag Kabupaten Serang Ungkap Jemaah Haji yang Harus Bayar Biaya Tambahan. Tribun Banten.
Lee, S., & Na, C. (2024). Public Service Motivation and Job Satisfaction Amid COVID-19: Exploring the Effects of Work Environment Changes. Public Personnel Management, 53(2), 281–308. https://doi.org/10.1177/00910260231207332
Mahardika, G. Y., Aima, M. H., & H, I. L. H. (2022). THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND WORK LIFE BALANCE WORK MOTIVATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON TEACHER PERFORMANCE AT THE TZU CHI LOVE SCHOOL TEACHER CENGKARENG, WEST JAKARTA. Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 3(5), 785–800. https://doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v3i5.1220
Maulana, L. H., Sudarijati, & Padilla, H. (2020). Employees Performance With the Determination of Motivation, Competence and Work Environment. Indonesian Journal of Social Research (IJSR), 2(1), 65–75. https://doi.org/10.30997/ijsr.v2i1.24
Meirana, A. (2022). Analysis Factors Affecting Employee Performance of BKD East Java When Work from Home. Airlangga Development Journal, 6(2), 93–110. https://doi.org/10.20473/adj.v6i2.41053
Mosuin, E., Mat, T. Z. T., Ghani, E. K., Alzeban, A., & Gunardi, A. (2019). Accountants’ acceptance of accrual accounting systems in the public sector and its influence on motivation, satisfaction and performance. Management Science Letters, 9(5), 695–712. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.2.002
Mukhopadhyay, U. (2023). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on academic performance and work–life balance of women academicians. Asian Journal of Social Science, 51(1), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajss.2022.07.003
Mumford, E. A., Liu, W., & O’Leary, M. S. (2024). U.S. Law Enforcement Officers’ Stress, Job Satisfaction, Job Performance, and Resilience: A National Sample. Police Quarterly, 0(0), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111241253851
Oswald, A. J., Proto, E., & Sgroi, D. (2015). Happiness and Productivity. Journal of Labor Economics, 33(4), 789–822. https://doi.org/10.1086/681096
Otero, A. G., Quiroga-Carrillo, A., Míguez-Salina, G., & Núñez-García, J. (2023). Motivation, social work and immigration: Job satisfaction according to a qualitative and quantitative evaluation. International Social Work, 66(2), 419–432. https://doi.org/10.1177/00208728211065709
Pârjoleanu, R. (2020). Work Motivation Efficiency in the Workplace. Postmodern Openings, 11(4), 293–309. https://doi.org/10.18662/po/11.4/236
Puspitasari, D. A., Dewi, R. S., & Prabawani, B. (2024). The Effect of Work Motivation and Self-Directed Learning on Employee Performance With Work-Life Balance as an Intervening Variable (A Study On Employees Of PT. Propernas Griya Utama). Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies, 07(01), 677–686. https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v7-i1-68
Ratih, H. P., Mulyono, S., & Farhan, D. (2023). Analysis of Employee Job Satisfaction in the Public Service Sector. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 6(11), 6732–6739. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i11-20
Rene, R., & Wahyuni, S. (2018). PENGARUH WORK-LIFE BALANCE TERHADAP KOMITMEN ORGANISASI, KEPUASAN KERJA, DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA INDIVIDU PADA KARYAWAN PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI DI JAKARTA. JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN BISNIS SRIWIJAYA, 16(1), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.29259/jmbs.v16i1.6247
Rohman, A. (2022). The Antecedents of Employee’s Performance in Research Center. International Journal of Business and Applied Social Science, 8(1), 18–24. https://doi.org/10.33642/ijbass.v8n6p4
Silaban, H., & Margaretha, M. (2021). The Impact Work-Life Balance toward Job Satisfaction and Employee Retention: Study of Millennial Employees in Bandung City, Indonesia. International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development, 7(3), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.73.2002
Sirgy, M. J., & Lee, D.-J. (2023). Making the Case for Work-Life Balance. Work-Life Balance, 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009281782.001
Ștefan, S. C., Popa, Ștefan C., & Albu, C. F. (2020). Implications of maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory on healthcare employees’ performance. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 16(59), 124–143. https://doi.org/10.24193/tras.59E.7
Stewart, W. F., Ricci, J. A., Chee, E., & Morganstein, D. (2003). Lost Productive Work Time Costs From Health Conditions in the United States: Results From the American Productivity Audit. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 45(12), 1234–1246. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000099999.27348.78
Stirpe, L., Profili, S., & Sammarra, A. (2022). Satisfaction with HR practices and employee performance: A moderated mediation model of engagement and health. European Management Journal, 40(2), 295–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2021.06.003
Stratton, S. J. (2023). Population Sampling: Probability and Non-Probability Techniques. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 38(2), 147–148. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X23000304
Suleimenova, G., Kapoguzov, E., Kabizhan, N., & Kadyrova, M. (2018). Performance Evaluation of the Government Agencies of Kazakhstan. NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy, 11(2), 171–198. https://doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2018-0018
Thant, Z. M., & Chang, Y. (2021). Determinants of Public Employee Job Satisfaction in Myanmar: Focus on Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory. Public Organization Review, 21(1), 157–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-020-00481-6
Vu, T. A., Plimmer, G., Berman, E., & Sabharwal, M. (2019). Managing employee performance in transition economies: A study of Vietnamese public organizations. Public Administration and Development, 39(2), 89–103. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1850
Wahyuhadi, J., Hidayah, N., & Aini, Q. (2023). Remuneration, Job Satisfaction, and Performance of Health Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period at the Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 16(February), 701–711. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S396717
Wardani, M. I., Riyadi, S., & Sumiati, S. (2024). The Influence of Work Motivation, Work-Life Balance, Work Productivity on Hustle Culture, and Employee Performance at PT PLN (PERSERO) Main Distribution Unit for South Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan UP3 Palangka Raya. International Journal of Social Science Humanity & Management Research, 3(01), 146–156. https://doi.org/10.58806/ijsshmr.2024.v3i1n20
Xiao, H., Xie, W., & Liu, B. (2024). An empirical study on the influence of new generation employees’ job satisfaction on contextual performance in the energy industry. Heliyon, 10(9), e30073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30073
Yim, J., Call, M. L., Sullivan, D. W., Kim, Y., & Sha, Y. (2024). Motivational strivings, human resource management practices, and job performance: An advancement of the theory of purposeful work behavior. Human Resource Management, 63(5), 829–847. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22229